PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SMART AND GREEN INNOVATION

Improvisation of Municipal Waste Management in Ternate, North Maluku

Abdul Halim — 2022-06-08

The issue of waste continues to be discussed, because it is related to the lifestyle and culture of the community itself. Ternate city is one of the cities experiencing population and economic growth which is enough to trigger an increase in service activities, industry, business and so on in the Ternate area so that it will trigger an increase in the production of waste or garbage. The city of Ternate is experiencing problems with waste management. Therefore, this study was conducted as a comparative review of the development of urban waste management in Indonesia. The method used is a literature review with relevant studies and statistical data from the relevant government agencies. The conclusion of this study shows that the main problem of waste management in Ternate is in collecting, transporting and destroying. Recommendations that can be given regarding these problems based on several previous studies are to implement a smartphone application for buying and selling waste that involves the community, the application of RDF technology, the involvement of waste couriers, the application of regulations and others. In this way, the long-term effects of solid waste problems will be overcome, while helping the development of other sectors and preserving the environment.

Development of Methods for Risk Identification of Waterfront Areas In Balikpapan CIty Based on Geographical Information System

Agus Fitrianto — 2022-06-08

The waterfront area has high regional vulnerability, the impact of climate change, land use, land abrasion, low land slope as the lowest point and morphologically the waterfront area has high economic attractiveness. The problem of waterfront areas in existing urban areas requires identification of regional risks. This study is to identify the waterfront areas identified as having low, medium and high risk. The results of this study found that the length of the waterfront area of the city of Balikpapan is 16,865 km with 80 grid points located in the waterfront area of the city of Balikpapan. Of the 80 grid points, there are 16 points with no risk, then 21 points with low risk, then 21 points with moderate risk and 22 points with high risk.

Improvement of Traffic Flow on Arterials In Mansor City, Baghdad In Iraq By Using Microsimulation Model

Ahmed S. Dawood — 2022-06-08

The rapid rise of population in Al-Mansour's as well as the increasing number of vehicles and retail malls, results in an increase in the number of daily trips, which affects traffic flow and leads to traffic congestion, particularly in the downtown region. As a result, the goal of this study is to evaluate traffic performance in a city by proposing well intersections performance. Because ideal saturation flow is the most important element influencing driver behavior, it has been changed to be the average of saturation flow measurements taken in the field (2200 vphgpl). Following that, some improvement suggestions are made, ranging from modifying time signals to changing intersection geometrics. Manual calculation is used to determine the traffic parameters. Field survey is used to determine geometric data. The traffic data measured in the field (1.27 (v/c) degree of saturation, 154 second latency, and L.O.S is F) was compared to the improvement generated by SIDRA INTERSECTION. When geometric data was changed (0.98 (v/c) degree of saturation, 46 seconds delay, and L.O.S equals D), there was a significant improvement in traffic for the intersection. This disparity could be explained by the ineffectiveness of leveraging the geometric features of this pirtucular intersection to alleviate traffic congestion

Irrigation Channel Development and Rejuvenation to Support Sustainable Agricultural Cultivation Systems in Indonesia

Ali Jamil — 2022-06-08

Sustainable agriculture is a vital indicator of progress toward the SDGs (SDGs) and acknowledged as the government's top priority for meeting national food needs. One of the parameters for sustainable agriculture is water availability for agricultural lands. The development and rejuvenation of irrigation networks is a program to support the achievement of sustainable food in Indonesia. This program includes irrigation networks rehabilitation (INR), development of water sources, and conservation actions in anticipation of climate change. The paper aims is to examine the effectiveness of irrigation network development and rejuvenation in supporting agricultural land productivity and water availability to ensure sustainable agriculture. Data collected from The Directorate of Agricultural Infrastructure and Facilities, the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, and the Central Statistics Agency provided data. Data analysis revealed that an increase in INR had a linear relationship with rice productivity. Java Island is still the focus of INR's activities, with a distribution percentage of 32.71%, followed by Sumatra (30.42%), Sulawesi (20.36%), Kalimantan (6.80%), Bali and Nusa Tenggara (8 .37%), and Maluku and Papua (1.44%). The level of fulfilment of irrigation for agricultural land in Indonesia is 83%. This show that the development and maintenance of irrigation networks are still needed. Piped/pumping irrigation water sources began in 2016 (1542 units), representing 28.25 per cent of the target in 2019 (5441 units). The construction of reservoirs and long-storage aims to ensure the availability of water. In 2016, they were massively built (1907 units), then dramatically decreased in the following year (490 units), and became relatively stable from 2018 to 2021. Water availability for agricultural land increases as water resource development and conservation measures improve, and it has a positive correlation with rice production. Implementation of irrigation network development and rejuvenation activities can support rice productivity. It also contributes to achieving sustainable agriculture indonesia.

Community-Based Conservation Effort In Totango River Post Dam Development

Amiruddin Miradj — 2022-06-08

The role of the community in maintaining biodiversity, especially in the environment or in areas such as protected forests, conservation, national parks, etc. plays a vital role. As with development, human activities in general will directly or indirectly disturb natural ecosystems. And when the disturbed ecosystem is an area that has a particular role and function, the priority of protection must be reinforced. Community involvement is not only in the maintenance function but also in monitoring and usage. To prevent damage to biodiversity and help the government maintain protected ecosystem areas, the community is empowered through several methods. In this study, an analysis of conservation efforts using the community-based natural resource management approach was conducted on the watersheds of the Aketajawa Lolobata National Park area. The data was collected through bibliographic studies, observations and interviews directly in the field. The findings indicate that locals in the surroundings of Aketajawa Lolobata National Park already have ecological knowledge and awareness. The community aims to achieve better outcomes with this watershed resource in order to promote well-being and continue to pay attention to and expand the carrying capacity of the environment. This shows that the natural resource management efforts were successful and that the community is capable of managing the natural resources in a participative and self-sufficient way

The Effect Of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) On Shear Strength Of Coal Contaminated Soil

Andi Marini — 2022-06-08

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a soil improvement technique using microorganisms that can change and improve mechanical properties. This technology has been explored and is promising with potential in a variety of applications. Bacillus subtilis bacteria as much as 6% were added to soil contaminated with 5%, 10%, and 15% coal. The bacteria used were cultured for 3 days in growth medium. In this study, a direct shear test was used to determine the effect of calcite deposition on the behavior of the shear strength of coal contaminated soil. The results showed that there was an increase in the value of cohesion and internal friction angle as parameters of shear strength after the curing period. MICP stabilization in soil contaminated with 5% coal resulted in an increase in shear strength of three times, while in soil contaminated with 10% and 15% coal there was an increase in shear strength of seven times and fifteen times, compared to the untreated soil

A Short Review of the Energy Fulfillment Strategy in the Development of Nusantara's Capital City

Andre Sahat Tua Sirait — 2022-06-08

The territory in East Kalimantan has been declared as the future State Capital (IKN) of the Indonesian Republic. Energy will be one of the greatest obstacles to the functioning of the new IKN. How will the IKN's energy demands be met in the future? How should energy be used there in line with the principles of efficient energy use? Kalimantan has vast deposits of nonrenewable (fossil) and renewable energy sources, but "energy availability" will not be a major concern for the future capital city. The infrastructure of the capital city must be maintained, as new cities (ports, airports, etc.) will expand swiftly. Energy connection between provinces, as well as intra-province connectivity, must be significantly expanded/improved. It is necessary to adhere to the requirements for developing and expanding energy use, for instance in accordance with policy directives regarding Low Carbon Development and Sustainable Development Goals. Kalimantan's role as Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia means it must adhere to the following fundamental policies:. Relying on local sources, including fossil fuels and non-fossil resources, wherever feasible. Avoiding imports from neighbouring islands, particularly lowering international crude oil shipments. Prioritizing the usage of renewable and clean energy sources, such as water (hydropower), PV (photovoltaic, solar power), and biomass, with priority. Develop/reinforce the connectivity of energy infrastructure throughout all of Kalimoantan, both for electricity and other energy infrastructure.

Urban Heat Island on The Baghdad Airport Street Are Decrees 16% Due To Asphalt Concrete and Street Trees

Anwar Dhafer Anwar — 2022-06-08

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that affects many millions of people worldwide, Especially in Iraq, this phenomenon intensified after the Western invasion of the State of Iraq, which was more concentrated in its capital, Baghdad, This increase in temperature is caused by the reflection of heat from the surface of the asphalt concrete, which negatively affected people's health and lives, This rise is caused by the movement of vehicles and machinery used in industry, and also from the reflection of the surface temperature of asphalt concrete, Especially in this article, we talked about the resulting reflection of asphalt concrete, This is what led us to the fact that increased urbanization is the cause of urban heat islands, UHI effect It also leads to increased energy needs which further contribute to the heating of our urban landscape, and Associated environmental and public health consequences, Roads and surfaces that reflect heat, In this research, we made a practical experiment on the Baghdad airport street after It was paved with asphalt concrete and trees were planted on it, Asphalt Concrete is one of the most popular types used in paving and roads, which helps reduce UHI, Densely graded AC has low albedo and high volumetric heat capacity, which results in surface temperatures reaching upwards of 60°C on hot summer days, Cooling the surface of asphalt concrete by cold mixing is one solution that helps reduce thermal reflections, Therefore, we conducted a study on the Baghdad Airport road, along one kilometer, in which cold asphalt was used and the road was planted to reduce surface reflections and mitigate heat islands on this road, Which resulted in a significant decrease in temperature equivalent between – 3.000 to 5.000oC of the natural temperature before paving it with cold asphalt and street trees.

The Effect of Bio-rejuvenator types on Volumetric Properties of Asphalt Mixtures with Variation Content of RAP

Atmy Verani Rouly Sihombing — 2022-06-08

Biorejuvenator is a bio-asphalt that functions as a rejuvenating agent made from lignin-containing biomass. This study aims to determine the effect of using two types of bio-rejuvenators on the volumetric properties of AC-WC hot mix asphalt containing recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) which varies (10%, 20%, 30%) compared to AC-WC with fresh materials as a mixture control and a mixture of 30% RAP without rejuvenation. The bio-rejuvenators used were BioCS and BitutechRAP, the specimens were made in the form of Marshall specimens, and the volumetric properties tested were VIM, VMA, and VFB using ANOVA statistical test and Tukey-Kramer statistical grouping test. The test results show that the two types of bio-rejuvenators generally affect the volumetric properties of the AC-WC HMA containing RAP up to 30%. Statistically, bio-rejuvenator had a statistically significant effect on VIM and VFB, while BitutechRAP had a statistically significant effect on VMA

Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Traffic Engineering Management; A Short Review

Bahri Sangadji — 2022-06-08

Several technologies, including fuzzy logic, Q-learning, neural networks, the internet of things, and evolutionary algorithms, are commonly used to solve this topic in an effort to find answers to traffic problems in metropolitan areas. Furthermore, these techniques highlight the optimization function, resulting in a traffic signal control design that may optimize the number of cars in a system, with implications for minimizing waiting times and the volume of vehicles in waiting situations. The likelihood of obtaining a reduction in the amount of noise and pollution created by motorized vehicles is the next impact of this. Based on these considerations, a number of previously described ways may be classed as one strategy in producing a design or design that is directed to the built environment and in accordance with sustainable development goals. This research is an approach to reviewing the processes that may be established artificially in the traffic system so that it can adapt to the situations around it in real time

A Brief Discussion on the Challenges to Smart City Implementation of the New Capital City Development

Dedy Mandarsyah — 2022-06-30

A smart city is an effective, efficient, and sustainable answer to the issues and problems that continue to proliferate in metropolitan areas. However, this notion will undoubtedly provide a number of obstacles to building a smart city. This article will briefly explore the IKN-related obstacles that Indonesia would encounter in establishing a Smart City. Indonesian people are no strangers to smartphones and the internet, but technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are still less familiar to Indonesians. This will certainly pose challenges for districts or cities that want to adopt the smart concept. city. But this can be overcome by using third parties to accelerate the implementation of smart cities. This article will explore briefly the IKN-related obstacles that Indonesia would encounter in establishing Smart City. The methods used in this study are Observation, Literature Study, Focused Group Discussion and In-Depth Interview with the community and stakeholders. Based on the reviews, it is concluded that the existing restricted service is an impediment that must be overcome in order to establish smart cities in Indonesia, namely the expansion of ICT usage in different government service domains. The government should enhance internet access in places where smart cities will be implemented in Indonesia. In addition, the training of a community that is "literate" in information technology must be enormous and systematic in an attempt to alter people's attitudes about a smart city.

Short Review on Implementation of IoT-Based Intelligent Parking System

Fransiskus Xaverius Manggau — 2022-06-30

Four-wheeled cars are unable to locate and park in an efficient way at a number of shopping complexes with multi-story parking lots. Drivers enter the parking area and then drive in a circle until they locate a vacant spot. Obviously, this has an effect on fuel waste, parking efficiency, and air pollution. In addition to the present payment method, Tap Cash in the form of electronic money, the driver's Tap Cash balance is unknown at present. In most cases, due to the failure to pay the parking charge, a line formed at the parking exit. This project intends to solve parking issues by introducing a parking reservation system and employing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to monitor parking status. Using GPS (Global Positioning System) and RFID sensor equipment linked to a parking processing storage server, this research detects parking sites and parking automobiles, respectively. Using the Android application interface, drivers check the location and parking lots and reserve available parking spots. Implementing a parking reservation system may minimize the amount of gasoline used to discover available parking spots and positions in shopping malls, simplify the parking process, and reduce air pollution

A Brief on Potential of Ternate Coconut Shell Waste as Asphalt Aggregate Mix Filler

Gajali S. Iskandar — 2022-06-30

North Maluku's status as one of the largest coconut producers in Indonesia shows that coconut deposits in the North Maluku region are relatively abundant. This makes many people who work as coconut traders. Most traders peddle coconut in urban areas. Environmental problems arise from this condition, namely the accumulation of coconut waste in urban areas. The Environment Agency has tried to control this condition with various methods, but it is still not effective. This study was conducted as an effort to utilize coconut waste in Ternate City as a useful material for Ternate City. The method used in this study is an experiment by comparing the characteristics of the asphalt aggregate mixture without filler and using filler. The results obtained from the Marshall test indicate that the use of filler derived from coconut waste can increase the stability value of the asphalt aggregate mixture. This indicates that there is potential behind the accumulation of waste that occurs in the urban area of Ternate. Thus, coconut waste can be used to support development in Ternate City.

Implementation of Green Building Regulations by Small and Medium Construction Companies; Case Study in Ternate, North Maluku

Henrianto Masiku — 2023-06-30

The concept of environmentally friendly has been widely applied in various fields and sectors throughout the world. Awareness of the environment is now increasingly increased because cumulative pollution in the world begins to achieve alarming effects. One sector that contributes a lot to pollution is construction. Therefore, the concept of green construction began to be widely applied globally. This study focuses on applying the concept of green construction by small and medium grade construction companies in Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia. The method used in this study is a questionnaire survey and focused group discussion with respondents who are small and medium grade construction companies. The results of this study prove that the application of the green concept by local contractors is still very lacking due to several factors such as finance, management, human resources, to technology. However, this can be overcome by applying regulations in more detail and widespread, balanced with the provision of cheap and easy technology. Thus, the application of the concept of green by local and medium -sized local contractors will become more affordable

Review of Problems on River Basin Integrated Management Policies; Study Case Ternate City

Iksan Moh Ali Mustafa — 2023-06-30

Indonesia's rivers and watersheds are quickly degrading. Watershed land use functions have been changed because of population and economic expansion. This has increased peak flood flows and erosion along rivers. This problem demands a multi-stakeholder approach to minimize harm. Ternate is a medium-sized island city with a small land area and minimal water supply. Flood control is still in its infancy. There will be a water shortage in 2030 if the 150 liters per person per day need is not met. This paper conducts a literature evaluation on the problems surrounding the implementation of the Integrated Policy on River Basin Management. Until now, a few groups or stakeholders have controlled the implementation process. Monitoring and evaluation (monev) operations are still undervalued, resulting in underachieving river management objectives. In water resource management, failures can occur owing to a lack of collaboration and teamwork. Neither party wants to reinforce the other's responsibilities and actions. Working together has not yet produced ideal synergy. Flood and drought forecasting technologies are lacking, as is an early warning system to avoid fatalities. Technical and non-technical river management financing strategies are not effectively controlled. The lack of funds for operations and maintenance typically results in poor river basin management.

Acceleration of Consolidation of Soft Clay Layers with Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) Method

Irnawaty Irnawaty — 2023-06-30

Soil consolidation settlement is a geotechnical problem often found in embankment cases, especially on soft soils. The decrease in consolidation is caused by the release of pore water from the soil caused by increased stress in the soil mass. Soft clay is a cohesive soil which is the largest part of the soil consisting of very small grains such as clay or silt. The properties of the soft clay layer have a small shear force. Based on the soil test in the laboratory, the density was 2.75, the coefficient of compression (Cc) was 0.40, and the coefficient of expansion (Cs) was 0.03, so it was classified as soft clay. From the results of calculations without using PVD that have been carried out, the time needed to reach the 95% consolidation degree is 60 days with a decrease of 7 cm. Meanwhile, by using PVD, the time required is 30 days with a large reduction of 15 cm. From the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that the use of PVD can accelerate the consolidation time

Coconut Shell Fly-Ash Stabilized Soft Soil Characteristics; Utilization of Local Waste in Ternate

Jati Brono — 2022-09-22

The problem of waste is a problem in almost all urban areas. In Ternate City, for example, one of the most common wastes is coconut waste. Coconut waste is often found in Ternate City because North Maluku, including Ternate City, is one of the largest coconut producers in Indonesia. However, many coconut traders and consumers are reluctant to dispose of coconut waste in a place provided by the government. In landfills, coconut waste that is burned causes a lot of air pollution due to large-scale burning. Therefore, there is a need for a solution to overcome this problem. One thing that can be done is to look for alternative uses of coconut waste to be used or processed into other forms. In this case, this research focuses on the byproduct of Fly Ash which is derived from coconut shells. Fly Ash in this study was used as an additive for stabilizing soft soil. The method used in this study includes observing changes in plasticity properties, compaction characteristics and CBR values for variations in Fly Ash content. The results showed that the addition of Fly Ash from coconut shell waste could increase the CBR value. Thus, coconut waste in Ternate City can provide benefits to the development of Ternate City

Tensile Strength of Various FRP Hybrid Between Glass Fiber and Carbon Fiber

Jasman Jasman — 2022-09-22

Hybrid composite materials are composite materials with different material strengths, which have a great potential to be developed as engineering materials. Hybrid polymer composite materials offer an economical design to obtain optimal performance according to the workload with reference to the choice of fiber and matrix. Optimal performance of the material can be achieved by combining two different types of fibers and composited with an epoxy. This hybrid composite material is made by hand lay-up method. The objective of this study is to analyze the tensile strength of the FRP hybrid between carbon and glass fiber. The variation of the specimen in the form of the percentage of carbon fiber width to glass fiber is 35%, 40% and 45% respectively. Carbon fiber and glass fiber are bonded using epoxy according to ASTM D 3039. Tensile strength test is based on ASTM D 3038, to obtain tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The test results show a significant change in the stress and strain, where the 45% FRP hybrid specimen gives the highest ultimate tensile strength and behaves slightly brittle. Meanwhile, FRP 40% showed almost the same strength as FRP 45%, with a higher strain value, thus giving a ductile behavior. In general, it can be concluded that the specimens with a high percentage of carbon fiber showed an increase in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, but resulted in a significant decrease in strain

Considerations for the Development of the Capital Region Based on Public Opinion on Environmental Issues

Junaidi Junaidi — 2022-06-08

Environmental issues will certainly accompany development in all places. Currently, the development of new infrastructure is dominantly demanding land clearing, especially for the road network. The road network often encounters many obstacles related to nature due to the many aspects that need to be considered in planning the route of the road. This road route often has to cut through watersheds, forest areas, mountains, valleys, swamps, and productive land areas. With the disruption of the natural ecosystem around the development area, environmental issues arise and cause environmental stakeholders to confront development. Therefore, the involvement of stakeholders related to the environment in planning and design needs to be prioritized in order to avoid confrontation during development. This study underlines the importance of stakeholder opinions related to the environment in the planning of the capital city area, especially in the development of the road network. The method used in this study is a quantitative and qualitative assessment through a questionnaire given to stakeholders, who, in this case, are environmental organizations and related government agencies. The survey results in this study prove that environmental impacts will certainly occur with development. However, several alternatives can be recommended, taking into account the long-term environmental effects that can be caused. In this way, the confrontation with development related to environmental issues can be prevented, even eliminated

The Adaptive Capacity of The Ternate Community to Flood Disaster as a Community-Based Mitigation Measures

Muliastuti — 2022-06-15

Bastion Karance Village is one of the communities located along the shore of Ternate City. Due to its relatively low altitude and flat, sloping terrain, this hamlet has a very high danger of flooding. This project's aims are to collect data on the risk of natural disasters, to estimate the consequences of such catastrophes, and to assess the community's and government's adaptability in the research area. Observation, In-Depth Interviews, Forum Group Discussions (sometimes referred to as in-depth interviews), and Literature Reviews are the four components of the approach used to gather data in the field. According to the results of the study, both the community and the government of Ternate City have shown a high level of adaptability; yet, there is still space for growth in terms of the capacity to predict natural disasters

An Overview of the Forest City Concept in Indonesia's Capital City Development Plan

Rachmat Fadjar — 2022-06-30

Migration affects urban economic, social, and qualitative development. By 2050, global urbanisation will be 70%. Urbanisation. Flooding, groundwater depletion, and city heat result from land use changes. Cities affect weather. Cities produce 2% of greenhouse emissions. 70% of urban CO2 comes from transportation and buildings. Ecosystems benefit from RTH and woodlands. Greenery reduces heat, floods, and groundwater. Urban woods provide water, carbon sinks, oxygen, temperature control, tourism, and timber. This forest buffers cities that rely on forest health. Low-lying coastal settlements, floodplains, and biodiversity hotspots seldom have woodlands. Like NCR, this region lacks planning (IKN). IKN preserves East Kalimantan's rainforest vegetation. IKN has protected forestland. IKN protects forests and wildlife. Sustainable urban design balances growth in vulnerable areas. Sustainable, Green, and Eco Cities reduce environmental consequences. Forest City strives to improve the State Capital's ecology. Explains ideas, criteria, and indications. Ideals, policies, environment, and ecological indicators were analysed. Focus groups, interviews, desk studies, and field visits gathered data. Forest City plans (benchmarking). In IKN, Forest City will focus on forestry and environmental challenges, urban development, and sustainable development. Wooded IKN. IKN is needed. Integrate woods and settle land conflicts before developing IKN. Forest City IKN Masterplan. IKN-ize. KLHS's "go zones" Absorb CO2 and rain. Rehabilitate degraded zones and corridors in IKN using SDALH recovery and restoration processes. Forest advisory groups. Forest City benefits city plants and ecosystems

DETERMINATION OF THE STATUS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE SADDANG RIVER BY THE POLLUTION INDEX METHOD

Reni Oktaviani Tarru — 2022-06-30

One source that has the potential to pollute the Saddang river is the existence of a livestock trading center. The Trade Center produces liquid waste which is directly discharged into the river without going through any treatment first, this has a great potential to pollute the Saddang river. The purpose of this research is to know the level of pollution of the Saddang River which can be seen from the status of the water quality. In this study, the method used is the Pollution Index (IP) method. The use of this method refers to PP No. 82 of 2001 concerning the management of water quality and control of water pollution and the Decree of the Minister of the Environment No. 115 of 2003 concerning the status of water quality. In principle, the IP method uses a determined weight because the allocation/benefits of the river are in accordance with its segment. This research was conducted on five segments on the Saddang River. River water quality parameters used include: temperature, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, Nitrite, Total Coliform, E-Coli. The water quality data obtained in each segment are then analyzed for each segment. The results of calculations using the IP method obtained that the water quality status is relatively constant for each sampling, which is heavily polluted.

THE EFFECT OF PURE MICROBIAL CULTURE VARIATIONS ON THE VALUE OF SOIL DENSITY

Rona Reski — 2022-06-30

The fineness and roughness of soil grains are represented by the texture of the soil. Classifying soil texture can be known by the percentage of how many fractions it contains. Sand, clay, and silt are the main fractions of fine soil texture, as determined by soil particle size distribution. The increased soil density is achieved by shortening the spacing between soil particles, resulting in a reduction in air volume but no significant change in water volume in the soil. Soil stabilization procedures are used to improve the characteristics of the natural soil to meet the construction requirements. The pure microbial culture stabilization material used is Bacillus subtilis bacteria produced through the inoculation process. The inoculation process was carried out by using a slanted agar culture method, by swiping the ose onto the slanted agar medium surface from the bottom of the test tube to the mouth of the test tube which was carried out in a zigzag manner, then incubating the results of the inoculation at room temperature 37°C (degrees Celsius) for 24 hours. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of pure microbial culture variations on the value of soil density. The laboratory compaction test method uses Proctor Compaction Test (ASTM D 698/D 1567). Variations of pure microbial culture which were added as stabilizing agent, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14%. Classification of coarse and fine grain fractions contained in the soil sample based on the results of the distribution of soil particle size obtained, 0.20% gravel, 2.60% sand, 94% silt, and 3.20% clay. The results obtained from each addition of pure microbial culture variations were 13.79 kN/m³, 13.82 kN/m³, 13.84 kN/m³, 13.98 kN/m³, 14 kN/m³, and 13.74 kN/m³. Soil density values increased when Bacillus subtilis bacteria were added at a percentage of 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%, but decreased when Bacillus subtilis bacteria were added at a percentage of 14%

Environmental Perspective and Review For Eco-Airport Implementation at Sofifi City, North Maluku

M.Syafril Rustam — 2022-06-30

Indonesia, in the nature of an archipelago, is one of the world's biggest countries with thousands of islands. Due to geographical consideration, the air transportation considered very efficient in moving people or goods from one place to another. This study aims to examine the potential application of the Eco Airport concept in the city of Sofifi, North Maluku, Indonesia. This study raises a case study in Sofifi City, North Maluku Province, Indonesia regarding the potential implementation of the Eco-Airport concept. The method used in this study is to review the profile of Sofifi City based on data from the Central Statistics Agency and review the regulations related to the Eco-Airport concept and airport operations in Indonesia that are still in effect. Based on the reviews that have been carried out and the analysis and comparison with existing airports in Indonesia, it can be categorized aspects that need to be implemented in order to realize the Eco-Airport concept which is divided into eight aspects. All of these aspects are key points in the implementation of an environmentally friendly airport. The implementation of minor aspects in these eight categories is carried out by most of the airports with an Eco-Airport orientation in Indonesia. Although it is still only a small aspect, the resulting impact on the environment is expected to influence other aspects, even related sectors to participate in implementing "green innovations" in various aspects of the implementation of aviation activities.

The Impact Of New Samarinda Airport's Development

Tukimun Tukimun — 2022-06-30

Master Plan for the Acceleration of Indonesia's Expansion and Economic Development is a long-term initiative launched by the government of Indonesia. East Kalimantan has contributed to the implementation of these principles by enhancing the transportation infrastructure, particularly via the development of new representative airports. The presence of an airport is believed necessary for the effective operation of the Indonesian archipelago. Temindung Airport has become one of East Kalimantan's busiest airports, with passenger and cargo volumes well surpassing its annual design capacity. At least one aeroplane out of every 25 is also delayed due to problems in accommodating passenger capacity effectively. Samarinda Baru Airport was built as a result of the absence of preexisting air transportation infrastructure. If the economic benefits of the New Samarinda Airport Project can be shown, the government, donors, and community will provide their full support. The airport in Samarinda City will facilitate the organisation of educational programmes in hitherto inaccessible locations. It will also give opportunities for the economies of Samarinda, Bontang, and Sangatta to expand and flourish evenly. It is possible for universities in East Kalimantan to build new aviation and tourism-related technology modules and courses. The literature review offers evidence of the regional economic and non-economic benefits of an airport development project. The economic benefits of higher expenditure and employment creation contribute to a growth in the local GDP. Nonfinancial advantages include a good brand image for the city where the airport was built (Samarinda) and better access for adjacent villages' residents

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Initial Rate of Water Absorption Of Foam Concrete Containing Blended Cement

Yohans Sunarno — 2022-06-30

— This The adverse environmental effects caused by cement production activities are minimized by reducing the use of cement in the concrete mix, replacement with eco-friendly materials, and making low-material cement derived products. During the cement production activities, fly ash can also be used by mixing it in form of Portland Composite Cement (PCC)/blended cement products or directly in the concrete mixing process. Furthermore, in low-material cement derivative products, foam concrete is usually obtained using an agent that forms random air bubbles in the cement paste and is applied in construction according to its structural function. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the correlation between density and non-destructive tests (UPV and IRA) on foam concrete with variations in the use of cement, namely OPC, PCC-1, PCC-2, and OPC+FA. The quality of the foam concrete was evaluated by testing the compressive strength, which is fast, practical, and non-destructive. The methods that are commonly used include the Hammer test, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), and Initial Rate of Water Absorption (IRA). The results showed that the correlation between UPV and IRA is inversely proportional because an increase in the UPV value in the specimen reduced the IRA value.

Short Review on River Basin Management in Ternate City; Recommendation

Yusri Yusri — 2022-06-30

Institutional for water and watershed management are essentially social structures that are always evolving and changing in accordance with social and ecological dynamics. The shape and direction of socioecological change are strongly reliant on the dynamics of interaction between social and ecosystem components. In line with the location and function of the management agency, a process of knowledge dissemination is required for institutional growth. It is time to forsake the formal and absolute top-down management style and progressively include bottom-up management. As an established multi-sectoral forum, the National/Provincial Water Resources Council and/or TKPSDA are stakeholders whose roles and duties must be strengthened. Through a literature analysis, this study evaluates existing research on the difficulties underlying the implementation of river basin management. It is also possible to draw conclusions about the approaches that may be employed to tackle difficulties with river basin management. This research employs observation, literature review, focus group discussion, and in-depth interviews with community members and stakeholders as its methodology. Not just the symptoms, but the source of the issue must be addressed. Collaboration is a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach to work that emphasises cooperation. Here, the need of collaboration at the national and provincial levels becomes paramount. Political will is vital to the success of integrated water resources management. Institutions must be enhanced, particularly in terms of river management. As part of the destructive power of water, policies for controlling the risks of flooding, drought, and pollution must be a priority.

Public Perceptions of Socio-Cultural and Environmental Aspects of Trans Papua Development - Indonesia

Zepnat Kambu — 2022-06-30

The development of infrastructure for public and social facilities, such as road infrastructure, has an effect on improving people's welfare, so that inequality in development between regions is an important concern and priority for infrastructure development in Papua. Public perceptions and participation in the physical realization of infrastructure development need to be input and consideration in the planning, implementation and supervision of the Trans Papua road construction. The existence of the construction of the Trans Papua road has not been fully welcomed with support, drawing a lot of criticism from various circles of society. The lack of citizen involvement and the unknown perception of the public in planning and implementing the construction of the Trans Papua road are suspected of causing resistance and conflict. This research was conducted to find clarity of local society wisdom that can be used as the basis for developing a participatory development approach. The research question is how the public's perception of the construction of the Trans Papua road is viewed from the socio-cultural and environmental aspects. It is found that there are differences in perceptions and understanding between local societies and stakeholders in the construction of the Trans Papua road, requiring public involvement in planning and implementing development activities. This is an effort to minimize conflicts between the public and the government, especially those related to protected forest conservation, public empowerment issues, as well as technical issues in road construction

ANALYSIS OF AREAS PRONE TO TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS (CASE STUDY: MT. HARYONO BALIKPAPAN)

Maslina Maslina — 2022-06-30

MT Haryono Street is one of the main roads in Balikpapan which is one of the main access roads from outside the city which has a very high traffic density. With high traffic density, traffic accidents often occur. Data on traffic accident victims for the last 3 years from 2018 - 2021 where out of 19 incidents, 12 people died, 1 person was seriously injured and 10 people were slightly injured. Data on traffic accident victims in 2018 - 2021 was obtained from the Balikpapan Police Traffic Unit. MT Haryono is a busy road with a straight, uphill and downhill road geometry of 7.8 km. and in this study it is divided into 8 segments, the length of the segment is 1. Based on these data, the number of accidents is calculated using the EAN (Equivalent Accident Number) method and analyzed forget a blacksite area by using the BKA (Batas Kontrol Atas) and UCL (Upper Control Limit). From the analysis shows that Jalan MT. Haryono, the Km 0 – Km 1 segment is the accident blacksite area because has an EAN number of 42 which is higher than UCL (Upper Control Limit) = 33,33 and higher than BKA (Upper Control Limit) value = 35.24.

Evaluation Of Construction Project Delay Due To Covid 19 Pandemic Balikpapan City

Irna Hendriyani — 2022-06-30

The purpose of this study is to determine what factors affect the delay in the implementation of government projects in the City of Balikpapan during the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2021. The method in this study is in the form of distributing questionnaires to 30 respondents who come from service users, contractors, consultants. planners and supervisory consultants in Balikpapan City. The research was conducted for 3 months on 28 ongoing projects. From the results of the study with 7 variables, it was found that the factors influencing project implementation during the 2021 COVID-19 pandemic in Balikpapan City were based on the order, namely: force majeure (conditions beyond control), labor, tools and materials, finance, managerial, facilities and infrastructure, as well as design changes